/*!
 * \file DetectRoi.h
 * \date 2018/03/23
 *
 * \author Lin, Chi
 * Contact: lin.chi@hzleaper.com
 *
 *
 * \note
*/

#ifndef __DetectRoi_h_
#define __DetectRoi_h_

#include "CVUtils.h"
#include "StdUtils.h"
#include "CyclopsEnums.h"
#include "CyclopsModules.h"

/*! \brief Define a complex roi for detection with a collection of shapes.
*
* Define a complex roi, which could be a union of many shapes, and more over, subtraction of some others.
* The output is generally a transformed image within the specified area, and a mask telling which pixels should be excluded.
*
* Example:
* \code{.cpp}
* DetectRoi droi;
* droi.add({{200, 500}, {500, 500}, {500, 200}}, ShapedRoiType::Polygon); // add a triangle
* Mat mask; // result mask, could be empty if no pixel should be excluded
* Mat roiImg = droi.apply(img, &mask); // result image, used for detecton later
* \endcode
* 
*/
class DetectRoi : public ICyclopsModuleInstance
{
	/*! \fn getAngle
	 * Get value of main direction of roi, see also setAngle()
	 */
	DECLARE_PARAMETER_GET(float, Angle)
	/*! \fn getScale
	 * Get value of scale factor of the entire roi, see also setScale()
	 */
	DECLARE_PARAMETER_GET(float, Scale)
	/*! \fn setInterpolationFlags
	 * Define interpolation algorithm used to apply warp affine, default to INTER_AREA,
	 * refer to cv::InterpolationFlags for detail explanation of flags. see also getInterpolationFlags()
	 * \fn getInterpolationFlags
	 * Get value of interpolation algorithm used to apply warp affine, see also setInterpolationFlags()
	 */
	DECLARE_PARAMETER(int, InterpolationFlags)
	/*! \fn setBorderMode
	 * Define pixel extrapolation method (used to build the borders), default to BORDER_CONSTANT (means use constant value),
	 * see also getBorderMode()
	 * \fn getBorderMode
	 * Get value of pixel extrapolatiuon method (used to build the borders), see also setBorderMode()
	 */
	DECLARE_PARAMETER(int, BorderMode)
	/*! \fn getReserveSize
	 * Get value of a small size of reserved area around the roi, see also setReserveSize()
	 */
	DECLARE_PARAMETER_GET(int, ReserveSize)
	/*! \fn setFractionalBit
	 * Define number of fractional bits in the point coordinates, used to draw masks in floating value.
	 * Points are calculated as Point2f(x * 2 ^ -shift, y * 2 ^ -shift).
	 * So for example, for shift = 2, we'll have 0.25-pixel precision.
	 * default to 0, see also getFractionalBit()
	 * \fn getFractionalBit
	 * Get value of number of fractional bits in the point coordinates, see also setFractionalBit()
	 */
	DECLARE_PARAMETER(int, FractionalBit)
	/*! \fn setMaskOnly
	 * A mask-only roi will not do image crop or rotation, apply() returns original image and generated mask
	 * default to false, see also getMaskOnly()
	 * \fn getMaskOnly
	 * Get whether this is a mask-only roi, see also setMaskOnly()
	 */
	DECLARE_PARAMETER(bool, MaskOnly)

public:
	DetectRoi() : mAngle(0), mScale(1.f), mDirtyBit(false),
		mInterpolationFlags(INTER_AREA), mBorderMode(BORDER_CONSTANT),
		mReserveSize(0), mFractionalBit(0), mMaskOnly(false)
	{}
	virtual ~DetectRoi() {}

	//! Smart pointer to hold an instance of CircleDetector
	typedef std::shared_ptr<DetectRoi> Ptr;
	DECL_GET_INSTANCE(DetectRoi::Ptr)

	/*! \fn serializeToMemory
	 * Serialize information of this detect roi into a in-memory string, see also deserializeFromMemory()
	 * @param str used to take the output serialization result
	 * @return true for succeed, false for fail
	 * \fn serializeToFile
	 * Serialize information of this detect roi into a text file, see also deserializeFromFile()
	 * @param filename file name (full path) where we will write the data
	 * @return true for succeed, false for fail
	 * \fn deserializeFromMemory
	 * Deserialize the detect roi from in-memory string, see also serializeToMemory()
	 * @param str in-memory string
	 * @return true for succeed, false for fail
	 * \fn deserializeFromFile
	 * Deserialize the detect roi from a text file, see also serializeToFile()
	 * @param filename file name (full path) where we will read the data
	 * @return true for succeed, false for fail
	*/
	DECL_SERIALIZE_FUNCS

	/*! reset all sub-rois added before */
	virtual void reset();

	/*! check if this is an empty roi before apply */
	virtual bool empty() const;
	
	/*! Define main direction of roi, default to 0, see also getAngle(), We'll rotate the image to the defined angle.*/
	virtual void setAngle(float a);

	/*! @overload, set main direction angle via vector */
	virtual void setAngle(const Point2f& dir);

	/*! Define scale factor of the entire roi, 0 to 2, default to 1 means no scale, see also getScale() */
	virtual void setScale(float s);

	/*! Define a small size of reserved area around the roi, default to 0, see also getReserveSize() */
	virtual void setReserveSize(int s);

	/*! Add a new sub-roi to include more pixels, see also sub()
	*  @param roiVertexes roi vertexes.\n
	*         for Rectangle and Polygon, it should be the corner vertexes;\n
	*         for Circle, it should be the center and a point on the circle;\n
	*         for Annulus, it should be the center, one point on the inner circle and one point on the outer circle;\n
	*         for Mask, it should be the position of mask' top-left + corner of all white pixels' bounding convex hull, see also genBoundingHullForMask().
	*  @param pMask custom mask for Mask sub-roi
	*  @param type sub-roi type
	*/
	virtual void add(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes, ShapedRoiType type = ShapedRoiType::Rectangle, const Mat* pMask = nullptr);

	/*! Substract a new sub-roi to exclude more pixels, see also add()
	*  @param roiVertexes roi vertexes.\n
	*         for Rectangle and Polygon, it should be the corner vertexes;\n
	*         for Circle, it should be the center and a point on the circle;\n
	*         for Annulus, it should be the center, one point on the inner circle and one point on the outer circle;\n
	*         for Mask, it should be the position of mask' top-left + corner of all white pixels' bounding convex hull, see also genBoundingHullForMask().
	*  @param pMask custom mask for Mask sub-roi
	*  @param type sub-roi type
	*/
	virtual void sub(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes, ShapedRoiType type = ShapedRoiType::Rectangle, const Mat* pMask = nullptr);

	/*! Apply the roi to provided image, with no rotation
	*  @param img input image
	*  @param opMask output mask, set to nullptr if you don't need the mask.\n
	*         Note it may be empty if no pixel should be excluded, say the roi is just a rectangle.
	*  @return result image within the roi
	*/
	virtual Mat apply(const Mat& img, Mat* opMask = nullptr);
	
	/*! Apply the roi to provided image, rotated to the provided direction
	*  @param img input image
	*  @param angle main direction
	*  @param opMask output mask, set to nullptr if you don't need the mask.\n
	*         Note it may be empty if no pixel should be excluded, say the roi is just a rectangle.
	*  @return result image within the roi
	*/
	DEPRECATED virtual Mat apply(const Mat& img, float angle, Mat* opMask = nullptr);
	
	/*! Apply the roi to provided image, rotated to the provided direction
	*  @param img input image
	*  @param dir main direction
	*  @param opMask output mask, set to nullptr if you don't need the mask.\n
	*         Note it may be empty if no pixel should be excluded, say the roi is just a rectangle.
	*  @return result image within the roi
	*/
	DEPRECATED virtual Mat apply(const Mat& img, Point2f& dir, Mat* opMask = nullptr);

	/*! Total count of sub-roi used to include more pixels */
	inline int addRoiCount() const { return mAddRois.size(); }

	/*! Total count of sub-roi used to exclude more pixels */
	inline int subRoiCount() const { return mSubRois.size(); }

	/*! Get vertexes of sub-roi used to include more pixels, with given index */
	inline const Point2fVec& getAddRoiVertexes(int idx) const {
		_ASSERTE(idx >= 0 && idx < addRoiCount());
		return mAddRois[idx]->getVertexes();
	}

	/*! Get vertexes of sub-roi used to exclude more pixels, with given index */
	inline const Point2fVec& getSubRoiVertexes(int idx) const {
		_ASSERTE(idx >= 0 && idx < subRoiCount());
		return mSubRois[idx]->getVertexes();
	}

	inline Mat getInvTransMat() const { return mInvRotMat.clone(); }

	/*! Transform a collection of lines from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param lines input and output lines
	*/
	virtual void invTransform(vector<Vec4f>& lines) const;
	/*! Transform a single line from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param line input and output line
	*/
	virtual void invTransform(Vec4f& line) const;
	/*! Transform a single point from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param pnt input and output point
	*/
	template<typename T>
	void invTransform(Point_<T>& pnt) const {
		invTransform(pnt.x, pnt.y);
	}
	/*! Transform a (x, y) position from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param x input and output x position
	*  @param y input and output y position
	*/
	virtual void invTransform(float& x, float& y) const;
	/*! Transform a (x, y) position from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param x input and output x position
	*  @param y input and output y position
	*/
	virtual void invTransform(double& x, double& y) const;
	/*! Transform a (x, y) position from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param x input and output x position
	*  @param y input and output y position
	*/
	virtual void invTransform(int& x, int& y) const;
	/*! Transform a collection of points from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param pnts input and output point
	*/
	template<typename T>
	void invTransform(vector<Point_<T>>& pnts) const {
		if (empty()) return; // do nothing if this is an empty roi
		std::for_each(pnts.begin(), pnts.end(), [&](Point_<T>& p) {
			invTransform<T>(p);
		});
	}
	/*! Transform a rotated rectangle from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param line input and output line
	*/
	virtual void invTransform(RotatedRect& rr) const;
	/*! Transform an angle from coordinates of roi, back to the coordinates of original image.\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param angle input and output angle
	*/
	virtual void invTransform(float& angle) const;

	/*! Transform a single point from coordinates of original image, to coordinates of roi\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param pnt input and output point
	*/
	template<typename T>
	void transform(Point_<T>& pnt) const {
		transform(pnt.x, pnt.y);
	}
	/*! Transform a (x, y) position from coordinates of original image, to coordinates of roi\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param x input and output x position
	*  @param y input and output y position
	*/
	virtual void transform(float& x, float& y) const;
	/*! Transform a (x, y) position from coordinates of original image, to coordinates of roi\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param x input and output x position
	*  @param y input and output y position
	*/
	virtual void transform(double& x, double& y) const;
	/*! Transform a (x, y) position from coordinates of original image, to coordinates of roi\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param x input and output x position
	*  @param y input and output y position
	*/
	virtual void transform(int& x, int& y) const;
	/*! Transform a collection of points from coordinates of original image, to coordinates of roi\n
	*   It should be done after you apply this roi to a image.
	*  @param pnts input and output point
	*/
	template<typename T>
	void transform(vector<Point_<T>>& pnts) const {
		if (empty()) return; // do nothing if this is an empty roi
		std::for_each(pnts.begin(), pnts.end(), [&](Point_<T>& p) {
			transform<T>(p);
		});
	}

	/*! \deprecated Apply the roi to provided image, with no rotation */
	DEPRECATED Mat applyNoRotate(const Mat& img, Mat* opMask = nullptr);

	/*! Get bounding box of the roi */
	virtual Rect getBoundingRect();

	/*! Get new size of transformed image */
	virtual Size getNewSize();

	/*! Get bounding convex hull of the roi */
	const Point2fVec& getBoundingHull() const { return mRoiVertexes; }

	/*! Get bounding rotated rect of the roi */
	const RotatedRect& getBoundingRR() const { return mRoiRR; }

	/*! return a copy of roi that is moved by offset, relative to current position, P' = P + offset */
	virtual DetectRoi translate(const Point2f& offset);

	/*! return a copy of roi that is scaled by factor, P' = P * s */
	virtual DetectRoi scale(float xfactor, float yfactor);

	/*! return a copy of roi that a transform matrix is applied(either moved, scaled or rotated) */
	virtual DetectRoi convert(const Mat& transMat);

	/*! Generate a mask. See also add()\n
	*   255 represent a valid pixel, 0 represent a excluded pixel
	*  @param force force mask generation. If not set, the function will return an empty mask if roi is a straight rectangle
	*  @param imgSize size of original image, used for mask-only roi
	*  @return the mask
	*/
	virtual Mat genMask(bool force = false, const Size& imgSize = Size());

	/*! Generate a mask with provided sub-roi. See also add()\n
	*   255 represent a valid pixel, 0 represent a excluded pixel
	*  @param roiVertexes roi vertexes.
	*  @param type sub-roi type
	*  @return the mask
	*/
	static inline Mat genMask(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes, ShapedRoiType type = ShapedRoiType::Rectangle) {
		DetectRoi droi;
		droi.add(roiVertexes, type);
		return droi.genMask();
	}

	/*! Generate bounding convex hull of a mask image */
	static inline Point2fVec genBoundingHullForMask(const Mat& mask, const Point2f& tl) {
		Mat locateMat;
		findNonZero(mask, locateMat);
		vector<Point> hull;
		convexHull(locateMat, hull);
		Point2fVec ret;
		ret.reserve(hull.size() + 1);
		ret.push_back(tl);
		for (const Point& p : hull) {
			ret.push_back(Point2f(p.x + tl.x, p.y + tl.y));
		}
		if (hull.size() == 1) { // one-dot, duplicated 4 points at the same position
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
				ret.push_back(ret.back());
		}
		else if (hull.size() == 2) { // one-line, make a rect
			ret.push_back(ret[2]);
			ret.push_back(ret[1]);
		}
		return std::move(ret);
	}

#if (CV_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3)
	/*! Draw out the mask with provided transformed image for displacement.
	*  @param roiImg transformed image generated by DetectRoi
	*  @return the result image with alpha channel
	*/
	virtual Mat highlightRoi(const Mat& roiImg);
#endif

	/* decide if this is a rect roi with NO ROTATION */
	virtual bool isComplexRoi();

private:
	struct ShapedRoiBase {
		ShapedRoiType type;
		ShapedRoiBase(ShapedRoiType _type = ShapedRoiType::Reserved) : type(_type) {}
		virtual bool fromVertexes(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes) = 0;
		virtual Point2fVec toVertexes() = 0;
		virtual const Point2fVec& getVertexes() const = 0;
		virtual Point2fVec mergeRoi(const Point2fVec& boundingHull) = 0;
		virtual void PaintMask(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, int fracBit) = 0;
		bool isValid() { return type != ShapedRoiType::Reserved; }
		typedef std::shared_ptr<ShapedRoiBase> Ptr;
	};

	struct RoiRectangle : public ShapedRoiBase {
		Point2fVec vertexes;
		RoiRectangle() : ShapedRoiBase(ShapedRoiType::Rectangle) { vertexes.resize(4); }
		virtual bool fromVertexes(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes);
		virtual Point2fVec toVertexes();
		virtual const Point2fVec& getVertexes() const;
		virtual Point2fVec mergeRoi(const Point2fVec& boundingHull);
		virtual void PaintMask(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, int fracBit);
	};

	struct RoiPolygon : public ShapedRoiBase {
		Point2fVec vertexes;
		RoiPolygon() : ShapedRoiBase(ShapedRoiType::Polygon) {}
		virtual bool fromVertexes(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes);
		virtual Point2fVec toVertexes();
		virtual const Point2fVec& getVertexes() const;
		virtual Point2fVec mergeRoi(const Point2fVec& boundingHull);
		virtual void PaintMask(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, int fracBit);
	};

	struct RoiCircle : public ShapedRoiBase {
		Point2f center;
		float radii;
		RoiCircle() : ShapedRoiBase(ShapedRoiType::Circle) {}
		virtual bool fromVertexes(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes);
		virtual Point2fVec toVertexes();
		virtual const Point2fVec& getVertexes() const;
		virtual Point2fVec mergeRoi(const Point2fVec& boundingHull);
		virtual void PaintMask(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, int fracBit);
		void PaintCircle(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, float r, int fracBit);
	};

	struct RoiAnnulus : public RoiCircle {
		float innerRadii;
		RoiAnnulus() : RoiCircle() {
			type = ShapedRoiType::Annulus;
		}
		virtual bool fromVertexes(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes);
		virtual Point2fVec toVertexes();
		virtual void PaintMask(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, int fracBit);
	};

	struct RoiMask : public RoiPolygon {
		Point2f pos;
		Mat customMask;
		RoiMask() : RoiPolygon() { type = ShapedRoiType::Mask; }
		virtual bool fromVertexes(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes);
		virtual Point2fVec toVertexes();
		virtual const Point2fVec& getVertexes() const;
		virtual void PaintMask(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, int fracBit);
	};

	struct RoiAnnulusSector : public RoiAnnulus {
		// point ordered by clock-wise
		Point2f p1, p2, midPnt, p3, p4;
		float startAngle, endAngle;
		RoiAnnulusSector() : RoiAnnulus() {
			type = ShapedRoiType::AnnulusSector;
		}
		void paintArc(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Scalar& c, float r, int fracBit);
		virtual bool fromVertexes(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes);
		virtual Point2fVec mergeRoi(const Point2fVec& boundingHull);
		virtual Point2fVec toVertexes();
		virtual void PaintMask(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, int fracBit);
	};

	struct RoiEllipse : public ShapedRoiBase
	{
		RoiEllipse() : ShapedRoiBase() {
			type = ShapedRoiType::Ellipse;
		}
		Point2f center, widthPnt, heightPnt; 
		float width, height;
		virtual bool fromVertexes(const Point2fVec& roiVertexes);
		virtual Point2fVec mergeRoi(const Point2fVec& boundingHull);
		virtual Point2fVec toVertexes();
		virtual void PaintMask(Mat& mask, const Point& tl, const Mat& rotMat, const Scalar& c, int fracBit);
		float genRotatedAngle();
		virtual const Point2fVec& getVertexes() const;
	};

	static ShapedRoiBase::Ptr genRoiFromType(ShapedRoiType type);

	bool prepare(const Size& imgSize);
	bool isPrepared() const;

	bool serialize(FileStorage& fs);
	bool deserialize(const FileNode& fs);

	void copyProps(DetectRoi& other);

private:
	vector<ShapedRoiBase::Ptr> mAddRois;
	vector<ShapedRoiBase::Ptr> mSubRois;

	Point2fVec mRoiVertexes; // vertexes of bounding convex hull
	RotatedRect mRoiRR; // rotated bounding rect of mRoiVertexes
	Rect mBoundingRect;

	Size mNewSize;
	Mat mRotMat;
	Mat mInvRotMat;

	bool mDirtyBit; // dirty bit, true if rotation matrix is out-of-date.
};

#endif // DetectRoi_h_