/*!
 * \file BlobInstance.h
 * \date 2019/08/30
 *
 * \author Lin, Chi
 * Contact: lin.chi@hzleaper.com
 *
 *
 * \note
*/

#ifndef __BlobInstance_h_
#define __BlobInstance_h_

#include "CVUtils.h"

class BlobDetector;
/*! \brief Store geometric and optical properties for one single blob
 *
 * Most properties are lazy calculated, which means it's calculated on the first time its get function is called
*/
struct BlobInstance
{
	BlobInstance(int _boundSize = 1) : boundSize(_boundSize) {}
	BlobInstance(const vector<Point>& _contour, int _boundSize = 1) : contour(_contour), boundSize(_boundSize) {}
	BlobInstance(vector<Point>&& _contour, int _boundSize = 1) : boundSize(_boundSize) {
		contour = std::move(_contour);
	}

	/*! Set hole contours, calculate properties such as area more precisely considering holes */
	inline void setHoleContour(const vector<vector<Point> >& holes) { holeContour = holes; }
	/** @overload */
	inline void setHoleContour(vector<vector<Point> >&& holes) { holeContour = std::move(holes); }
	/*! Set source image for optical properties calculation, and also generate local mask */
	inline void setSourceImg(const Mat& img);
	/*! Set source soft mask for soft-thresholding */
	inline void setSourceSoftMask(const Mat& softMask);
	/*! Update confidence by factor */
	inline void updateConfidence(float factor) { confidence *= factor; }
	/*! Set transform matrix, if this blob is created inside ROI */
	inline void setTransMat(const Mat& mat) {
		transMat = mat;
		// transform matrix updated, clean up cache
		contour_transed.clear(); holeContour_transed.clear(); rr_transed.size = Size(0, 0);
	}

	/*! Get source image */
	inline const Mat& getSourceImg();
	/*! Get source image in gray scale */
	inline const Mat& getGrayImg();
	/*! Get mask of contour and holes */
	inline const Mat& getMask();

	/*! Get bounded mask of contour and holes */
	inline const Mat& getMaskBounded();
	/*! Get bounded source image in gray scale */
	inline const Mat& getSourceImgBounded();

	/*! Get blob contour, transform matrix is applied if there's one */
	inline const vector<Point2f>& getContour();
	/*! Get blob contour in integer, transform matrix is applied if there's one */
	inline vector<Point> getContour2i();
	/*! Get blob's hole contours, transform matrix is applied if there's one */
	inline const vector<vector<Point2f> >& getHoleContour();
	/*! Get confidence property */
	inline float getConfidence() { return confidence; }
	/*! Get area, holes are excluded */
	inline float getArea();
	/*! Get perimeter of blob's contour */
	inline float getPerimeter();
	/*! Get width of blob's rotated bounding rect */
	inline float getWidth();
	/*! Get height of blob's rotated bounding rect */
	inline float getHeight();
	/*! Get angle of blob's rotated bounding rect */
	inline float getAngle();
	enum AngleMode {
		/*! Default, point to longer axis*/
		Default = 0,
		/*! Always return 0 */
		Ignore,
		/*! Always return -90 ~ 90 */
		AlwaysUp
	};
	/** @overload */
	inline float getAngle(AngleMode mode);
	/** @overload */
	inline float getAngle(int mode) { return getAngle(static_cast<AngleMode>(mode)); }
	/*! Get circularity, closer to 1, much more likely it is a circle */
	inline float getCircularity();
	/*! Get convexity, closer to 1, much more likely it is a convex hull */
	inline float getConvexity();
	/*! Get inertia, closer to 1, much more likely it has the same length of minor and major axes, like a square */
	inline float getInertia();
	/*! Get center of gravity of blob */
	inline Point2f getCenter();
	/*! Get rotated bounding rect */
	inline RotatedRect getBoundingRR();
	/*! Get valley point of blob, which is the center of biggest flat field */
	inline Point2f getValley();

	/*! Get average luminance of blob */
	inline float getLuminanceAverage();
	/*! Get standard deviation luminance of blob */
	inline float getLuminanceDeviation();
	/*! Get variance luminance of blob */
	inline float getLuminanceVariance();
	/*! Get minimum luminance of blob */
	inline float getLuminanceMin();
	/*! Get maximum luminance of blob */
	inline float getLuminanceMax();
	/*! Get average of top n% brightest pixels in blob */
	inline float getLuminanceTopNAvg(float topN);
	/*! Get average of top n% darkest pixels in blob */
	inline float getLuminanceBottomNAvg(float bottomN);
	/*! Get majority luminance of blob */
	inline float getLuminanceMajor();

	/*! Get average contrast of blob */
	inline float getContrastAverage();
	/*! Get standard deviation contrast of blob */
	inline float getContrastDeviation();
	/*! Get variance contrast of blob */
	inline float getContrastVariance();
	/*! Get minimum contrast of blob */
	inline float getContrastMin();
	/*! Get maximum contrast of blob */
	inline float getContrastMax();
	/*! Get average of top n% pixels with biggest contrast in blob */
	inline float getContrastTopNAvg(float topN);
	/*! Get average of top n% pixels with smallest contrast in blob */
	inline float getContrastBottomNAvg(float bottomN);
	/*! Get majority contrast of blob */
	inline float getContrastMajor();
	
	/*! Get average color of blob, for greyscale image, it's the same as luminance */
	inline Scalar getColorAverage();
	/*! Get standard deviation color of blob, for greyscale image, it's the same as luminance */
	inline Scalar getColorDeviation();
	/*! Get variance color of blob, for greyscale image, it's the same as luminance */
	inline Scalar getColorVariance();

	/*! Get sharpness of blob, for color image, it's computed in greyscale */
	inline float getSharpness();

protected:
	inline void calcMoms();
	inline float getContourArea();
	inline const Rect& getBoundingRect();
	inline bool hasProps(int val);
	inline void setProps(int val, bool on = true);
	inline void applyTrans(const vector<Point>& pnts, vector<Point2f>& transed);
	inline Point2f applyTrans(const Point2f& p);
	inline bool hasImage() { return !sourceImg.empty(); }
	inline const Mat& getContrastImg();
	inline std::vector<uchar>& getGrayPixels();
	inline std::vector<uchar>& getContrastPixels();

protected:
	vector<Point> contour;
	vector<vector<Point> > holeContour; // no hole contour if detector told us to 
	float confidence = 1.;

	int boundSize; // bounded size

	Mat sourceImg; // source image for advanced properties calculation
	Mat sourceImgBounded; // n pixel bounded, shared memory with sourceImg
	Mat sourceSoftMask; // source soft mask
	Mat sourceSoftMaskBounded; // n pixel bounded, shared memory with sourceSoftMask
	
	Mat sourceMask; // source mask for advanced properties calculation
	Mat sourceMaskBounded; // n pixel bounded, shared memory with sourceMask

	Mat sourceImgGray; // optional
	Mat sourceImgContrast; // optional
	std::vector<uchar> grayPixels; // optional
	std::vector<uchar> contrastPixels; // optional

	Mat transMat; // matrix for perform inverted transform in roi
	vector<Point2f> contour_transed;
	vector<vector<Point2f> > holeContour_transed;
	RotatedRect rr_transed;

	enum BlobProp {
		Reserved = 0,
		Area = 0x00000001, // pixel-count-area
		AreaContour = 0x00000002, // green-formula-area of outer contour
		Perimeter = 0x00000004,
		RR = 0x00000008, // rotated bounding rect, width, height, angle
		Circularity = 0x00000010,
		Convexity = 0x00000020,
		Mom = 0x00000040, // inertia, center
		BR = 0x00000080, // bounding rect
		Valley = 0x00000100,
		LuminanceMinMax = 0x00000200,
		LuminanceAvgDev = 0x00000400,
		ContrastMinMax = 0x00000800,
		ContrastAvgDev = 0x00001000,
		Color = 0x00004000,
		Shapness = 0x00008000,
		LuminanceMajor = 0x00010000,
		ContrastMajor = 0x00020000,
	};
	int props = BlobProp::Reserved; // at most, 32 kinds of properties

	float area;
	float perimeter;
	RotatedRect rr;
	float circularity;
	float convexity;
	float inertia;
	Point2f center;
	float cArea;
	Rect r;
	Point2f valley;

	float lumMin;
	float lumMax;
	float lumAvg;
	float lumDev;
	float lumMajor;

	float contrastMin;
	float contrastMax;
	float contrastAvg;
	float contrastDev;
	float contrastMajor;

	float sharp;

	Scalar colorAvg;
	Scalar colorDev;
};

float BlobInstance::getArea()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Area)) {
		area = sum(getMask())[0] / 255;
		setProps(BlobProp::Area);
	}
	return area;
}

float BlobInstance::getPerimeter()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Perimeter)) {
		perimeter = arcLength(contour, true);
		setProps(BlobProp::Perimeter);
	}
	return perimeter;
}

float BlobInstance::getWidth()
{
	return getBoundingRR().size.width;
}

float BlobInstance::getHeight()
{
	return getBoundingRR().size.height;
}

float BlobInstance::getAngle()
{
	return getBoundingRR().angle;
}

float BlobInstance::getAngle(AngleMode mode)
{
	if (mode == AngleMode::Ignore) return 0;
	float a = getAngle();
	if (mode == AngleMode::AlwaysUp) {
		if (a < -45) return a; // -90 ~ -45
		else if (a > 45) return a - 180; // 45 ~ 90
		else return a - 90; // -45 ~ 45
	}
	return a; // default, point to longer axis
}

float BlobInstance::getCircularity()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Circularity)) {
		circularity = 4 * CV_PI * getContourArea() / (getPerimeter() * getPerimeter());
		setProps(BlobProp::Circularity);
	}
	return circularity;
}

float BlobInstance::getConvexity()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Convexity)) {
		convexity = getContourArea() / getConvexHullArea(contour);
		setProps(BlobProp::Convexity);
	}
	return convexity;
}

float BlobInstance::getInertia()
{
	calcMoms();
	return inertia;
}

Point2f BlobInstance::getCenter()
{
	calcMoms();
	return applyTrans(center);
}

RotatedRect BlobInstance::getBoundingRR()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::RR)) {
		rr = minAreaRect2(contour);
		setProps(BlobProp::RR);
	}

	if (rr_transed.size.empty()) {
		rr_transed = rr;
		if (!transMat.empty()) {
			transRotateRect23(rr_transed, (double*)transMat.data);
		}
	}

	return rr_transed;
}

const Rect& BlobInstance::getBoundingRect()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::BR)) {
		r = boundingRect(contour);
		setProps(BlobProp::BR);
	}
	return r;
}

bool BlobInstance::hasProps(int val)
{
	return (props & val) != 0;
}

void BlobInstance::setProps(int val, bool on)
{
	on ? (props |= val) : (props &= (~val));
}

void BlobInstance::applyTrans(const vector<Point>& pnts, vector<Point2f>& transed)
{
	bool doTrans = !transMat.empty();
	double* p_mat = (double*)transMat.data;
	int pcount = pnts.size();
	transed.clear();
	transed.reserve(pcount);
	for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i) {
		Point2f p = pnts[i];
		if (doTrans) {
			transPoint23<double, float>(p.x, p.y, p_mat);
		}
		transed.push_back(std::move(p));
	}
}

Point2f BlobInstance::applyTrans(const Point2f& p)
{
	if (transMat.empty()) return p;
	Point2f p2 = p;
	transPoint23<double, float>(p2.x, p2.y, (double*)(transMat.data));
	return p2;
}

const Mat& BlobInstance::getSourceImg()
{
	return sourceImg;
}

const Mat& BlobInstance::getGrayImg()
{
	if (sourceImgGray.empty()) {
		ensureGrayImg(sourceImg, sourceImgGray);
	}
	return sourceImgGray;
}

const Mat& BlobInstance::getContrastImg()
{
	if (sourceImgContrast.empty()) {
		gradiant(getGrayImg(), sourceImgContrast, 3, 3);
	}
	return sourceImgContrast;
}

const Mat& BlobInstance::getMask()
{
	if (sourceMask.empty()) {
		// generate local mask
		sourceMaskBounded = Mat::zeros(sourceImg.rows + boundSize * 2,
			sourceImg.cols + boundSize * 2, CV_8U);
		sourceMask = Mat(sourceMaskBounded, Rect(boundSize, boundSize, sourceImg.cols, sourceImg.rows));
		createMaskByContour(sourceMask, contour, holeContour, getBoundingRect().tl(), true);
		if (!sourceSoftMask.empty()) {
			sourceMask &= sourceSoftMask;
		}
	}
	return sourceMask;
}

const Mat& BlobInstance::getMaskBounded()
{
	if (sourceMaskBounded.empty()) {
		getMask(); // delegate to generate mask
	}
	return sourceMaskBounded;
}

const Mat& BlobInstance::getSourceImgBounded()
{
	return sourceImgBounded;
}

std::vector<uchar>& BlobInstance::getGrayPixels()
{
	if (grayPixels.empty()) {
		grayPixels = cvtMat2Vec<uchar>(getGrayImg(), getMask());
	}
	return grayPixels;
}

std::vector<uchar>& BlobInstance::getContrastPixels()
{
	if (contrastPixels.empty()) {
		contrastPixels = cvtMat2Vec<uchar>(getContrastImg(), getMask());
	}
	return contrastPixels;
}

Point2f BlobInstance::getValley()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Valley)) {
		Point tl(getBoundingRect().x - boundSize, getBoundingRect().y - boundSize);
		valley = detectValley(getMaskBounded());
		valley.x += (getBoundingRect().x - boundSize); // valley position is detected on bounded mask.
		valley.y += (getBoundingRect().y - boundSize);
		setProps(BlobProp::Valley);
	}
	return applyTrans(valley);
}

float BlobInstance::getLuminanceAverage()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::LuminanceAvgDev)) {
		if (!hasImage()) return 0;
		getColorAverage(); // delegate to average color calculation
		if (sourceImg.channels() == 1) {
			lumAvg = colorAvg[0]; lumDev = colorDev[0];
		}
		else {
			lumAvg = (colorAvg[0] + colorAvg[1] + colorAvg[2]) / 3;
			lumDev = (colorDev[0] + colorDev[1] + colorDev[2]) / 3;
		}
		setProps(BlobProp::LuminanceAvgDev);
	}
	return lumAvg;
}

float BlobInstance::getLuminanceDeviation()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::LuminanceAvgDev)) {
		getLuminanceAverage(); // delegate to average luminance calculation
	}
	return lumDev;
}

float BlobInstance::getLuminanceVariance()
{
	float v = getLuminanceDeviation();
	return v * v;
}

float BlobInstance::getLuminanceMin()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::LuminanceMinMax)) {
		if (!hasImage()) return 0;
		double minVal, maxVal;
		minMaxLoc(getGrayImg(), &minVal, &maxVal, nullptr, nullptr, getMask());
		lumMin = minVal;
		lumMax = maxVal;
		setProps(BlobProp::LuminanceMinMax);
	}
	return lumMin;
}

float BlobInstance::getLuminanceMax()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::LuminanceMinMax)) {
		getLuminanceMin(); // delegate to minimum luminance calculation
	}
	return lumMax;
}

float BlobInstance::getLuminanceTopNAvg(float topN)
{
	vector<uchar>& grayPixels = getGrayPixels();
	int topNCount = grayPixels.size() * topN / 100;
	partial_sort(grayPixels.begin(), grayPixels.begin() + topNCount, grayPixels.end(),
		[](const uchar& v1, const uchar& v2) { return v1 > v2; });
	Mat topNMat(1, topNCount, CV_8U, grayPixels.data());
	return mean(topNMat)[0];
}

float BlobInstance::getLuminanceBottomNAvg(float bottomN)
{
	vector<uchar>& grayPixels = getGrayPixels();
	int bottomNCount = grayPixels.size() * bottomN / 100;
	partial_sort(grayPixels.begin(), grayPixels.begin() + bottomNCount, grayPixels.end(),
		[](const uchar& v1, const uchar& v2) { return v1 < v2; });
	Mat bottomNMat(1, bottomN, CV_8U, grayPixels.data());
	return mean(bottomNMat)[0];
}

float BlobInstance::getLuminanceMajor()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::LuminanceMajor)) {
		if (!hasImage()) return 0;
		lumMajor = getMajor(getGrayImg(), getMask());
		setProps(BlobProp::LuminanceMajor);
	}
	return lumMajor;
}

float BlobInstance::getContrastAverage()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::ContrastAvgDev)) {
		if (!hasImage()) return 0;
		Scalar meanVal, devVal;
		meanStdDev(getContrastImg(), meanVal, devVal, getMask());
		contrastAvg = meanVal[0];
		contrastDev = devVal[0];
		setProps(BlobProp::ContrastAvgDev);
	}
	return contrastAvg;
}

float BlobInstance::getContrastDeviation()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::ContrastAvgDev)) {
		getContrastAverage(); // delegate to average contrast calculation
	}
	return contrastDev;
}

float BlobInstance::getContrastVariance()
{
	float v = getContrastDeviation();
	return v * v;
}

float BlobInstance::getContrastMin()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::ContrastMinMax)) {
		if (!hasImage()) return 0;
		double minVal, maxVal;
		minMaxLoc(getContrastImg(), &minVal, &maxVal, nullptr, nullptr, getMask());
		contrastMin = minVal;
		contrastMax = maxVal;
		setProps(BlobProp::ContrastMinMax);
	}
	return contrastMin;
}

float BlobInstance::getContrastMax()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::ContrastMinMax)) {
		getContrastMin(); // delegate to minimum contrast calculation
	}
	return contrastMax;
}

float BlobInstance::getContrastTopNAvg(float topN)
{
	vector<uchar>& contrastPixels = getContrastPixels();
	int topNCount = contrastPixels.size() * topN / 100;
	partial_sort(contrastPixels.begin(), contrastPixels.begin() + topNCount, contrastPixels.end(),
		[](const uchar& v1, const uchar& v2) { return v1 > v2; });
	Mat topNMat(1, topNCount, CV_8U, contrastPixels.data());
	return mean(topNMat)[0];
}

float BlobInstance::getContrastBottomNAvg(float bottomN)
{
	vector<uchar>& contrastPixels = getContrastPixels();
	int bottomNCount = contrastPixels.size() * bottomN / 100;
	partial_sort(contrastPixels.begin(), contrastPixels.begin() + bottomNCount, contrastPixels.end(),
		[](const uchar& v1, const uchar& v2) { return v1 < v2; });
	Mat bottomNMat(1, bottomN, CV_8U, contrastPixels.data());
	return mean(bottomNMat)[0];
}

float BlobInstance::getContrastMajor()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::ContrastMajor)) {
		if (!hasImage()) return 0;
		contrastMajor = getMajor(getContrastImg(), getMask());
		setProps(BlobProp::ContrastMajor);
	}
	return contrastMajor;
}

float BlobInstance::getSharpness()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Shapness)) {
		if (!hasImage()) return 0;
		sharp = sharpness(getGrayImg(), &getMask(), nullptr);
		setProps(BlobProp::Shapness);
	}
	return sharp;
}

Scalar BlobInstance::getColorAverage()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Color)) {
		if (!hasImage()) return Scalar();
		meanStdDev(sourceImg, colorAvg, colorDev, getMask());
		setProps(BlobProp::Color);
	}
	return colorAvg;
}

Scalar BlobInstance::getColorDeviation()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Color)) {
		getColorAverage(); // delegate to average color calculation
	}
	return colorDev;
}

Scalar BlobInstance::getColorVariance()
{
	Scalar v = getColorDeviation();
	return Scalar(v[0] * v[0], v[1] * v[1], v[2] * v[2]);
}

void BlobInstance::calcMoms()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::Mom)) {
		Moments moms = moments(contour);
		inertia = GeomUtils::getInertia(moms);
		if (!sourceSoftMask.empty()) {
			Mat m = getMask();
			center = findMaskCenter(m);
			Rect r = getBoundingRect();
			center.x += r.x;
			center.y += r.y;
		}
		else if (moms.m00 == 0)
			center = getBoundingRR().center;
		else
			center = Point2f(moms.m10 / moms.m00, moms.m01 / moms.m00);
		setProps(BlobProp::Mom);
	}
}

float BlobInstance::getContourArea()
{
	if (!hasProps(BlobProp::AreaContour)) {
		cArea = contourArea(contour);
		setProps(BlobProp::AreaContour);
	}
	return cArea;
}

void BlobInstance::setSourceImg(const Mat& img)
{
	const Rect& r = getBoundingRect();
	Rect rBounded = scaleRect(r, boundSize);
	if (rBounded.x >= 0 && rBounded.y >= 0 &&
		rBounded.x + rBounded.width < img.cols && rBounded.y + rBounded.height < img.rows) {
		sourceImgBounded = Mat(img, rBounded);
		sourceImg = Mat(img, r);
	}
	else {
		sourceImgBounded = Mat::zeros(rBounded.size(), CV_8U);
		copyMakeBorder(Mat(img, r), sourceImgBounded, boundSize, boundSize, boundSize, boundSize, BORDER_REPLICATE);
		sourceImg = Mat(sourceImgBounded, Rect(boundSize, boundSize, r.width, r.height));
	}
}

void BlobInstance::setSourceSoftMask(const Mat& softMask)
{
	sourceSoftMask = Mat(softMask, getBoundingRect());
	const Rect& r = getBoundingRect();
	Rect rBounded = scaleRect(r, boundSize);
	if (rBounded.x >= 0 && rBounded.y >= 0 &&
		rBounded.x + rBounded.width < softMask.cols && rBounded.y + rBounded.height < softMask.rows) {
		sourceSoftMaskBounded = Mat(softMask, rBounded);
		sourceSoftMask = Mat(softMask, r);
	}
	else {
		sourceSoftMaskBounded = Mat::zeros(rBounded.size(), CV_8U);
		sourceSoftMask = Mat(sourceSoftMaskBounded, Rect(boundSize, boundSize, r.width, r.height));
		Mat(softMask, r).copyTo(sourceSoftMask);
	}
}

const vector<Point2f>& BlobInstance::getContour()
{
	if (!contour_transed.empty()) {
		return contour_transed;
	}

	applyTrans(contour, contour_transed);

	return contour_transed;
}

vector<Point> BlobInstance::getContour2i()
{
	if (transMat.empty()) {
		return contour;
	}
	else {
		const vector<Point2f>& ret = getContour();
		return saturate_cast_points<int, float>(ret);
	}
}

const vector<vector<cv::Point2f> >& BlobInstance::getHoleContour()
{
	if (!holeContour_transed.empty()) {
		return holeContour_transed;
	}

	int holeCount = holeContour.size();
	for (int i = 0; i < holeCount; ++i) {
		vector<Point2f> hole2;
		applyTrans(holeContour[i], hole2);
		holeContour_transed.push_back(std::move(hole2));
	}

	return holeContour_transed;
}

#endif // BlobInstance_h_